Переглянути
Нові надходження
Документ Strategies of Survival and Functioning of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Basement of the Period of Soviet Conformism (Mid-1960s – Early 1980s)(Гельветика, 2025) Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав Олександрович; Osadcha Anastasiia; Осадча АнастасіяThe aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the strategies for survival and functioning of the underground Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) in the 1960s–early 1980s. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the survival strategies of the underground UGCC in the 1960s and early 1980s, based on a combination of a network approach, microhistorical method, and the latest interpretations of religious resistance to totalitarian regimes. The internal mechanisms of the underground organisation have been systematised, the place of the UGCC in the context of nonviolent resistance to the Soviet system has been clarified, and the importance of lay communities as key elements of the stability of the church underground has been demonstrated.Conclusions. In the 1960s and early 1980s, the underground Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church formed a multi-level, internally stable system of functioning, which ensured not only the preservation of the church structure but also the further development of spiritual, educational, and community life. The UGCC’s survival strategy was multifaceted and based on an organic combination of traditional church practices with new, forcedly innovative forms of activity thatemerged under Soviet totalitarian control. Despite constant pressure, surveillance, arrests, and thethreat of liquidation, the UGCC managed not only to survive but also to preserve the integrity of its spiritual tradition, expand its network of underground communities, and accumulate potential for future revival. Studying its activities during this period provides a deeper understanding of the nature of religious resistance to totalitarian regimes, highlights the uniqueness of the Ukrainian experience, and contributes to the broader discourse on the resilience of persecuted religious communities in the 20thcentury.Документ Ukrainian-Russian Relations (1991-2024) in the Definitions of Historical and Political Science Discourse(Гельветика, 2025) Штагер Тетяна; Shtaher TetianaThe article examines the transformation of Ukrainian-Russian relations between 1991 and 2024 through the conceptual framework of historical and political science discourse. This period is characterized by a shift from formal cooperation to open confrontation, culminating in Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Particular attention is paid to information warfare as a central element of hybrid threats that define the contemporary stage of bilateral relations. It is interpreted not only as a tool for manipulating public consciousness but also as a mechanism for constructing an alternative reality in which war crimes are justified and expansionist policies legitimized.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence and significance of the definitions used to describe the processes of information warfare and hybrid threats within the Ukrainian-Russian context. The methodological framework combines general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, discourse analysis of historical and political narratives, and the use of Ukrainian legal acts together with international scholarly findings (notably the Erasmus+ WARN project). The article systematizes such concepts as hybrid warfare, information warfare, propaganda, disinformation, manipulation, astroturfing, bots, deepfake, and echo chambers, which reflect the new forms of influence characteristic of the digital age.The scientific novelty lies in integrating historical-political approaches with information studies, thereby revealing the multidimensional nature of the ongoing conflict. For the first time, the conceptual apparatus of Ukrainian-Russian relations is presented as an integrated system encompassing technical (cyberattacks, cyber espionage), communicative (propaganda, bots, fake news), and ideological (instrumentalization of history, the Russian World, the Great Patriotic War) components. This approach explains the effectiveness of Russian information aggression while simultaneously outlining possible counter-strategies.The conclusions emphasize that information warfare has become a decisive factor in the transformation of Ukrainian-Russian relations between 1991 and 2024. Its systemic and multi-level nature has enabled Russia to influence both domestic public opinion and international discourse. The practical significance of the study lies in applying the conceptual framework to develop state information policies, strengthen societal resilience to hybrid threats, and design Ukrainian counter-narratives. Future research should focus on analyzing international initiatives in the field of information security and incorporating Ukraine’s experience into the global context of countering information warfare.Документ The Problematic of Religious Transformations in the Early Modern Period(2025) Omelchenko Andrii; Омельченко АндрійThe aim of the study is to identify and analytically interpret the key problems involved in understanding religious transformations of the early modern period, as well as to determine the explanatory potential and limitations of the principal historiographical models applied to their analysis.The methodological strategy is based on the principles of comparative analysis, contextualisation, and historicisation. Comparative analysis is employed to juxtapose different interpretative models in a regional perspective, demonstrating the asynchronous and polycentric nature of religious change. Contextualisation is used to interpret religious phenomena within specific social and political settings, thereby avoiding excessive generalisation. Historicisation provides a critical examination of the very terms and categories employed, revealing their dependence on scholarly traditions and academic paradigms.The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematisation and comparative assessment of the leading interpretative approaches to early modern religious transformations, which are typically examined in isolation. The study demonstrates that different models operate with distinct definitions of “religiosity,” thus producing incompatible trajectories for explaining religious change. It also highlights the polycentric and asynchronous character of early modern religious processes and proposes an integrative perspective capable of accounting for their multilayered structure.Based on the analysis, the study concludes that religious transformations of the early modern era constitute a multidimensional and uneven process that cannot be fully explained within the confines of a single interpretative model. A comparison of intellectual, institutional, social, and cultural approaches shows that each employs different criteria for defining religiosity and therefore constructs incompatible chronological and analytical frameworks. Taking methodological diversity into account makes it possible to describe more accurately the complexity of religious change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and to reject uniform explanatory schemes in favour of a multilevel analytical perspective.Документ Preparation of the Russian Army Reserve in the Late 18th to Early 19th Century(Гельветика, 2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин МихайловичThe purpose of the article is to attempt to analyze the development of the reserve training system of the Russian army in the late 18th- early 19thcenturies, to trace the process of forming its legislative base and to identify the main sources of replenishment at the expense of the cantonist contingent.The main source base of the study was the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of various printed sources.The research methodology is based on the concrete-historical method, the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, and the possibility of verifying the obtained results. The study also applies an “internal” analytical approach to the stated problem in order to reveal the directions ofgovernment policy aimed at achieving established goals; additionally, the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and investigative methods, as well as comparative-historical typology, were used.Scientific novelty of the research. An attempt is made to provide a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for improving the training of the army reserve in connection with changes in the tactics and strategy of warfare during this period.Based on the analysis of the available material, the following conclusions may be drawn: due to the growing need of the army for well-prepared young commanders and specialists, army leadership began to consider cantonists (soldiers’ children) as a suitable option for preparing the army reserve on the basis of special training units. At the same time, the procedure for assigning cantonists to army service acquired a sufficiently structured form, and a sharp increase in the number of cantonists can be observed.Документ The “Foreign Relations of the United States”Series as a Source for Studying the Religious Policy of the USSR During World War II(Гельветика, 2025) Zhukov Oleksandr Volodymyrovych; Жуков Олександр ВолодимировичThe article is devoted to defining the research potential of The Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series as a source for studying the Soviet Union’s religious policy during World War II.The aim of the study is to analyze the content, structure, and informational potential of the FRUS documents from 1939-1945 concerning the USSR’s religious policy and to determine the feasibility of their application in researching Soviet confessional policy.The research methodology is based on the historical-documentary analysis of the FRUS materials, involving both external and internal source criticism, alongside historico-systemic and historico-comparative methods. This approach is crucial for assessing the interpretation of Soviet religious policy by American diplomacy within the context of international relations.The source base encompasses FRUS volumes for the 1939-1945 period related to the USSR. It includes telegrams from U.S. Ambassadors and Chargés d’Affaires in Moscow, official statements, meeting transcripts, and diplomatic overviews that contain an analysis of changes in confessional policy and American diplomats’ assessments of its internal and international implications.The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive source study of the USSR’s religious policy through the FRUS prism, allowing for the synthesis of internal political and international aspects of the issue. Furthermore, it provides the first analysis of how this entire process was interpreted by American diplomatic circles.The author concludes that the FRUS materials conclusively demonstrate that Soviet religious policy during the war remained tightly controlled by the authorities and was used exclusively as a tool for internal legitimization and external political influence. Events perceived as evidence of liberalization were predominantly symbolic in nature. The confessional vector of the Kremlin, as documented by diplomats – particularly concerning international actors such as the Vatican and the Polish Government-in-Exile – directly impacted U.S.-Soviet relations and shaped American foreign policy positions. Thus, the FRUS series serves as a unique source for examining the international dimension of the USSR’s religious policy during World WarII.Документ The Formation and Activities of the Organisation of the State Renaissance of Ukraine(2025) Khytrovska Yuliia; Хитровська ЮліяPurpose of the work is to elucidate the history of the establishment and stages of activity of the Organisation for the State Revival of Ukraine in the United States.Research methodology. The article is based on the principles of objectivity and historicism, employing methods of source criticism – work with archival documents from the Central State Archive of Public Associations and Ukrainica (TsDAHOU), diaspora periodicals («Visnyk ODVU», «Samostiina Ukraina», «Svoboda»), the historical-genetic method – tracing the emergence and evolution of ODVU from its foundation in 1931 to the restoration of Ukraine’s independence, the problem-chronological method – sequential exposition of the stages of the organisation’s activity, the structural-functional method – analysis of ODVU’s organisational structure, and the comparative-historical method – comparison of different stages of the organisation’s activity and its interaction with other structures (OUN, World Coordinating Council of Ideologically Related Nationalist Organisations).Scientific noveltylies in the fact that the history of the Organisation for the State Revival of Ukraine has not become the subject of comprehensive scholarly research due to the prolonged inaccessibility of sources to Ukrainian academics; thus, the article represents the first attempt in Ukrainian historiography to comprehensively examine the outlined topic in light of new archival materials.Conclusions.The Organisation for the State Revival of Ukraine played a significant role in forming the nationalist and state-building worldview of the Ukrainian emigration. The organisation united several generations of the Ukrainian diaspora and, despite the distance from the homeland, supported the Ukrainian liberation movement, providing material and informational assistance. ODVU managed to overcome a series of crises and expand its network of organisational centres, some of which continue to function today, whilst also implementing measures that contributed to the restoration of Ukraine’s independence and the preservation of national identity amongst Ukrainians abroadДокумент Antiquity as «Our Own» Epoch:Civilizational Originalit Through the Framework of V. Petrov’s «Theory of Epochs»(2025) Andreieiev Vitalii; Андреєєв Віталій; Lukashenko Alisa; Лукашенко АлісаThe purpose of the research is the critical rethinking and interpretation of the phenomenon of Antiquity on the territory of modern Ukraine, proceeding from V.Petrov’s concept of the ‘Theory of Epochs’. The study aims to substantiate the originality of the Ukrainian civilizational process during the antique period and to refute the notion of the monopolistic dominance of Roman influences on the frontier. The article seeks to integrate the Ukrainian historical grand narrative into the European community by establishing its own civilizational links with the Antique era, moving beyond the exclusively Greco-Roman paradigm.The methodology is based on the civilizational approach and conceptual-historical analysis. The principle of complementarity using modern data to reinforce Petrov’s theory, as well as methods of critical source analysis and the comparative-historical method, are employed. The research incorporates V.Petrov’s ideas concerning the structural integrity of the epoch, the ‘categories’, and the ‘break’ of civilizational periods. The scientific novelty represent argument that the Zarubyntsi and Chernyakhiv cultures represent an original (local) variant of Antique culture that developed in coexistence with the Greco-Roman world, rather than merely as its passive object. It is demonstrated that Hellenistic influences, through changes in the economic and social structure, were determinative for the region, while Roman influences were limited and secondary, especially given the absence of full-fledged provincial Romanization on the territory of Ukraine. This allows for a reassessment of the essence of the Antique era in Ukraine as a period featuring an active civilizational subject.Conclusions. V.Petrov’s ‘Theory of Epochs’ is a promising basis for studying the independence of the creation of ancient civilization in Ukraine. The territories northeast of the Danube and the Bosporan Kingdom remained predominantly a Hellenized, not a Romanized world. The limitations of Roman expansion and the doctrine of client states did not create conditions for the introduction of unique Roman economic and social practices, which indicates the formation of a local civilizational type (Chernyakhiv culture) by the peak of Roman interest in the 2ndcenturyAD. Thus, antiquity in Ukraine was an original era that preserved its identity in the conditions of external influences.Документ The Influence of Polis Ideology on the Moral State of Polis Society During the Peloponnesian War(2025) Holovanov Serhii; Голованов СергійThe Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (431-404BC) became a fateful era of the ancient world. It changed the direction of the further historical development of most of the ancientpolicies of Greece. The events of this war have attracted the attention of researchers for centuries not only with their intense drama and consequences. They preserve for future generations a rare and valuable experience not only in the field of military art, in the field of political relations between the policies, but also valuable generalizations in the field of social psychology, the transformation of the system of moral values in society during the long-term power confrontation between the enemy states.And, in addition, the example of such experience opens up the possibility of a deeper and more correct understanding of the relationship and mutual influence of ideology, mass consciousness and the moral state of the polis society in the conditions of the processes of the crisis of the polis society and the long-term military confrontation between Athens and Sparta.Analysis and generalization of the nature of the mutual influence of the polis ideology and the moral state of the polis society of Athens in the conditions of the Peloponnesian War helps to expand the system of views on the content and essence of the polis ideology, inherent in the society of the Athenian state during its highest heyday. The process of natural transformations in the economic, political and social spheres causes the gradual flow of property into the hands of the non-civil part of the population, which causes the destruction of polis morality and ideology. The main purpose of the article was to study the relationship between the ideology of the polis collective and the moral state of society in the conditions of the development of crisis processes under the influence of the events of the Peloponnesian War.The scientific novelty of the article lies in an attempt to recreate a generalized view of the essence and content of the polis ideology, the conditions of its formation and the nature of the impact on the moral state of the society of the Athenian state during the last third of the 5th century BC. The nature of the relationship and mutual conditionality of the nature of the polis ideology and social processes and the moral state of the Athenian state during its highest heyday is revealed. Conclusions. The second half of the 5thcentury BC was marked by a crisis and the beginning of the destruction of the polis society. As a result of the natural course of social and economic processes, the civil collective lost its dynamics of development, cohesion, and the decay of the polis morality was felt. This had tragic consequences in the internal and external policy of the Athenian state, caused the defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War and led to the degradation of the polis society and the loss of state sovereigntyДокумент At Illusory Liberty: Maternity of Nadiia Svitlychna from Release to Emigration in «Svoboda» Newspaper(2026) Kizlova Antonina; Кізлова АнтонінаThe aim of the work is to characterise the specificity of coverage in the newspaper Svoboda of the maternal fate of Nadiia Svitlychna, a representative of the Ukrainian dissident movement (from her release from camp to emigration). The research methodology is grounded in the principles of historicism and objectivity. The methods employed include content and discourse analysis, source criticism, case study, comparative-historical, hermeneutical, historical-chronological approaches, and systematisation. The scientific novelty is determined by the stated aim and objectives: to analyse the chronology and sources of publications about N.Svitlychna in the newspaper Svoboda (1976-1978); to identify the key narratives through which the newspaper represented N.Svitlychna’s motherhood; to trace whether her image underwent transformations; and to examine the means of mobilising diasporic and international support. Conclusions. The newspaper Svoboda during 1976-1978 covered the fate of N.Svitlychna as a mother in 17 articles, drawing upon sources from the Foreign Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council, the Moscow and Ukrainian Helsinki Groups, the UIS «Smoloskyp», samvydav appeals, American media, and diasporic organisations. The diversity of sources ensured a multidimensional narrative of motherhood: Helsinki Group documents highlighted the forced separation of mother and child, samvydav appeals conveyed emotional calls for solidarity, N.Svitlychna’ texts reflected self-reflection on motherhood under pressure, and American television illustrated the tragedies of divided families. The image of Nadiia-as-mother evolved from a passive victim (1976) through the author of her own appeals to an active defender of others (1978). The newspaper ensured the campaign’s international character, utilising the dissident’s motherhood as a universally significant factor for an international audience, transforming a privatematernal drama into a matter of international importance.Документ American Indians:Archives Against Racism(2025) Levchenko Larysa; Левченко ЛарисаThe purpose of the article is to highlight the main locations for the preservation of archival documents and the principal documentary collections concerning American Indians, taking into account the issue of racism toward Indigenous peoples in the United States of America.The research methodology is based primarily on the methods of archival heuristics, that is, the search for historical sources, as well as on the methodology of source criticism and general scientific principles.The scientific novelty of this study within the framework of Ukrainian historiography lies in introducing into scholarly circulation the main documentary collections of U.S. archives that illuminate the history of American Indians and serve as sources for the study of the problem of racism in the United States.Conclusions.Thus, this study establishes that the principal locations in the United States where documents concerning American Indians are preserved are the Oklahoma Historical Societyand the National Archives of the United States, together with all of its branches located throughout the country. Naturally, documents relating to American Indians can also be found in the archives of universities, schools, churches, business archives, museums, and historical and genealogical societies. The need to examine these repositories determines the future directions of research on the selected topic.The principal documentary complexes emerged in the course of the implementation of U.S. government policy toward American Indians and are represented by record groups of government bodies and institutions responsible for, or directly involved in, relations with American Indian tribes-above all the multifunctional Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Indian Claims Commission, the Census Bureau, the Office of the Secretary of War, the Office of the Secretary of the Interior, the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Court of Claims, the Indian Health Service, and other institutions. Only a small portion of the documentary complexes was created as a result of the activities of tribal governing structures.The overwhelming majority of archival holdings are documents created by white people and preserved in archives founded by white people. Despite this, the documents record and preserve evidence of manifestations of racism in U.S. state policy toward American Indians (forced removals, dispossession of land ownership and civil rights, assimilation, destruction of traditional culture, separation of parents and children for the re-education of the latter in boarding schools as Euro-Americans, etc.). It is precisely these archival documents, which white people unquestionably recognize as authentic and evidentiary sources, that provide American Indians with the opportunity to successfully defend their rights as Indigenous Americans and to secure democratic freedoms. Consequently, archival documents and archives have played and continue to play a key role in protecting the rights and freedoms of the Indigenous peoples of the United States and, accordingly, in the struggle against racism.Документ Museums of the Chernihiv Region in the System of Local History Tourism:Potential,Challenges, and Prospects(2025) Lozytskyi Oleksandr; Лозицький ОлександрThe purpose of the article is to examine the museum network of the Chernihiv region as a system-forming factor of local history tourism. The study reveals the historical stages of the development of regional museum institutions, from the first initiatives of the late nineteenth century to the contemporary period marked by digitalization and the challenges of wartime. It is determined that from the moment of their establishment, museums of the Chernihiv region have performed not only a preservation function but also an educational and outreach role, thereby forming the foundation for the development of cultural and educational tourism. The role of museum institutions as infrastructural hubs of the tourism network is scientifically substantiated, as they ensure the preservation, interpretation, and promotion of the historical and cultural heritage of the region.The methodological basis of the research consists of the principles of historicism, systematicity, and integrity, implemented through the application of historical-genetic, comparative-analytical, and culturological methods. The source base includes scholarly publications, official statistical data, and electronic resources of museums. Particular attention is paid to leading institutions, including the V.V.Tarnovskyi Chernihiv Regional Historical Museum and the national reserves ‘Ancient Chernihiv’, ‘Hetman Capital’, ‘Kachanivka’, and ‘The Tale of Ihor’s Campaign’, whose activities form the core of the museum and tourism infrastructure of the region. The functioning of peripheral museums in Nizhyn, Pryluky, Sosnytsia, Ichnia, Korop, and other settlements is also analyzed.The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive consideration of the museum system of the Chernihiv region as a unified communication space that integrates research, heritage protection, cultural and educational, and tourism activities. For the first time, regional museums are defined as infrastructural hubs of local history tourism, acting not only as repositories of cultural values but also as active factors in shaping the tourism offer. Contemporary trends in the development of the museum sector are highlighted in the context of decentralization, international partnership, and post-war restoration of cultural infrastructure.Conclusions. The museum network of the Chernihiv region emerges as an integral institutional system that plays a leading role in shaping the tourist image of the region. Through the combination of collection management, exhibition, research, and communication activities, museums ensure the integration of historical and cultural heritage into the tourism sphere and contribute to establishing the Chernihiv region as an important center of cultural and educational tourism in Northern Ukraine.Документ Intermarium and the Three Seas Initiative:Conceptual Evolution and its Impact on Ukrainian-Polish Strategic Cooperation (1918-2025)(2025) Mironova Iryna; Міронова ІринаThe article aims to provide a analysis of the evolution of the Intermarium and Three Seas Initiative concepts, tracing their historical origins, ideological continuity, and influence on shaping the strategic interaction between Ukraine and Poland from 1918 to 2025. Particular attention is devoted to the transformation of Józef Piłsudski’s interwar federalist project, its reinterpretationwithin the Polish émigré intellectual milieu (especially in the works of Jerzy Giedroyc), and its contemporary institutionalisation within the Three Seas Initiative and the Lublin Triangle. The study seeks to reveal how these conceptual frameworks shaped political decisions, security priorities, and regional strategies of Kyiv and Warsaw.For the first time, the article demonstrates Intermarium and Trimarium as successive stages within a single intellectual tradition that underpins the political imagination of Central and Eastern Europe. It argues that Prometheism, Giedroyc’s doctrine and modern regional formats represent different phases of one conceptual continuum aimed at strengthening regional subjectivity and ensuring Ukraine’s independence. The study reveals that, in the twenty-first century, Ukraine is no longer a peripheral participant but becomes one of the central actors of the Baltic–Black Sea region, for whom regional platforms constitute instruments of security, infrastructural integration and geopolitical agency.The analysis confirms that, despite diverse historical contexts, the concepts of Intermarium and the Three Seas Initiative share a common objective: creating a stable and cooperative space within Central and Eastern Europe. They have shaped the dynamics of the Ukrainian-Polish strategic partnership, contributed to overcoming historical disputes and enabled the formation of a new model of regional security. The institutional formats of the Three Seas Initiative and the Lublin Triangle demonstrate a shift from interwar «utopian federalism» to pragmatic infrastructural and security regionalism. For Ukraine, these processes signify a transition from a buffer-state role to an active regional power capable of influencing the architecture of the Baltic–Black Sea–Adriatic area.Документ Консенсус(2025)В журналі розглядаються актуальні проблеми історії України, всесвітньої історії, історичного краєзнавства, міжнародних відносин, історіографії, джерелознавства, спеціальних історичних дисциплін, теорії та методології історичної науки, археології, етнології, історії науки й технікиДокумент The «Timber Sycamore» Program As an Instrument of American Influence in Syria: a Historical Analysis(2025) Mykhtunenko Viktoriia Viktorivna; Михтуненко Вікторія ВікторівнаThe article examines the «Timber Sycamore» program, initiated by the CIA and U.S. allies to support the Syrian opposition during the Syrian Civil War. It analyzes the political and strategic motives of American foreign policy, the mechanisms of cooperation with regional partners (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Turkey), and the impact of this covert operation on the course of the conflict. The program’s role as an instrument of proxy warfare is assessed, and conclusions are drawn regarding its implications for regional security and global geopolitical rivalry. The purpose of this article is to conduct a historical analysis of the «Timber Sycamore» program as an instrument of American influence in Syria and to evaluate its political, strategic, and security consequences for the civil war and regional stability in the Middle East. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and systemic analysis, employing a combination of methods: the historical method is used to reconstruct the stages of the program’s creation and implementation; the comparative-political method is applied to juxtapose it with other American operations, including the Afghan “Cyclone” program; a systems approach allows the program to be considered as part of the broader U.S. strategy in the Middle East; and the geopolitical approach facilitates the assessment of the program within the context of U.S. – Russia global rivalry. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive historical analysis of the «Timber Sycamore» program as an instrument of American influence in Syria. Conclusion. The «Timber Sycamore» program served as a key instrument of American influence in Syria, implemented through support for opposition forces within the framework of proxy warfare strategy. Analysis shows that, despite substantial financial and military-technical resources, the program did not achieve its primary objective of regime change in Bashar al-Assad’s government. At the same time, it affected regional stability, intensified competition among external actors, and demonstrated the limitations of covert operations in complex, multi-layered conflicts.Документ Results of Research on the Settlement Staryi Karier Near Kotelva in 2024(2025) Shaporda Oleh Mykolaiovych; Шапорда Олег Миколайович; Olitskyi Viacheslav Oleksandrovych; Оліцький В'ячеслав ОлександровичThe publication presents the results of excavations at the Staryi Karier settlement (Kotelva village council, Poltava district, Poltava region) by the expedition of the Historical and Cultural Reserve «Bilsk» in 2024. The work was carried out as part of a scholarship programme from the German Archaeological Institute. Research continued at excavation site 2. Cultural layers were discovered that belong to two historical and cultural horizons – the end of the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. Also, as in previous archaeological seasons, finds from the Modern Era were collected on the territory of the settlement, which may be evidence of the existence of a stop here on the road that led to Bilsk through the Vorskla floodplain. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of the coexistence and interpenetration of two archaeological cultures of the final stage of the Bronze Age – Lebedivka and Bondarykha – and the reinterpretation of the presence of layers of the Ivanivka culture. The purpose of this article is to highlight information about the excavations in 2024 at the Staryi Karier settlement and to analyse the antiquities discovered during the research. The methodology consists of applying general scientific and special historical research methodologies, which, in general, ensured the achievement of the objectives set out in the publication. The scientific novelty lies in the discovery and analysis of intercultural interactions among the forest-steppe population during the post-log cabin period and the early Iron Age. Conclusions. The research conducted by the expedition of the Historical and Cultural Reserve «Bilsk» in 2024 at the Staryi Karier settlement has yielded important scientific results. The Bronze Age dwelling discovered during the previous field season has been further investigated, and its location already allows us to speak of the street layout of the settlement. A number of new objects from both the post-log cabin period and the early Iron Age were discovered. A collection of antiquities from the two periods mentioned above, which is quite presentable in terms of exhibition and informative in terms of science, was assembled, and interesting finds from a later period were discovered.Документ Negotiations of the Polish Diplomatic Mission to the Ottoman Empire With Ecumenical Patriarch Meletius IV (Metaxakis) Concerning the Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Poland (July 1922 – January 1923)(2025) Starodub Andrii; Стародуб АндрійThe aim of the article is to analyze the process of establishing the autocephalous status of the Orthodox Church in Poland during the years 1921–1924, with particular emphasis on little- known archival sources discovered in the collection of the Embassy of the Second Polish Republic in Great Britain. The study focuses on the genesis of negotiations with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople during the patriarchate of Meletius IV, as well as the external political and interconfessional factors that influenced the course of events. The primary sources examined include Polish diplomatic correspondence, which reflects the dynamics of the negotiation process. The methodological framework of the research is based on principles of historical retrospection, source criticism, systemic analysis, and comparative method, enabling the reconstruction of the processes under study within a broad contextual landscape. The scholarly novelty of the article lies in the introduction of new archival materials into academic circulation. These sources shed light on the little-studied phase of negotiations between the Polish government and the Ecumenical Patriarch in 1922, clarifying the positions of both parties. The analysis reveals that the Polish authorities sought recognition of autocephaly without excessive interference from the Patriarchate in internal ecclesiastical affairs, whereas Patriarch Meletius aimed to assert a broader vision of his historical rights – based on the fact that the Kyiv Metropolis had belonged to the Patriarchate of Constantinople until 1686 – and his jurisdictional influence as the primus inter pares among Orthodox Church leaders. The study concludes that the course of negotiations was shaped by pragmatic considerations, divergences in the positions of both sides, and adverse external circumstances, including Poland’s internal political situation and pressure from the Turkish government on the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The most active phase of contacts lasted from August to December 1922, after which the process transitioned into a more «technical» dimension. Метою статті є спроба проаналізувати процес встановлення автокефального статусу Православної Церкви в Польщі у 1921-1924 рр., зокрема на основі маловідомих архівних джерел, виявлених у фонді посольства Другої Речі Посполитої у Великій Британії. У центрі дослідження – генеза переговорного процесу з Константинопольським патріархатом у період патріаршества Мелетія IV, а також зовнішньополітичні та міжконфесійні чинники, що вплинули на хід подій. Основними опрацьованими джерелами є польська дипломатична кореспонденція, в якій відображено перебіг переговорів. Методологія дослідження базується на принципах історичної ретроспекції, джерелознавчої критики, системного аналізу та порівняння, що дозволяє реконструювати динаміку досліджуваних процесів у широкому контексті. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у введенні до наукового обігу нових джерел, які деталізують маловивчений етап переговорів польського уряду та Вселенського патріарха у 1922 р. та уточнюють позиції сторін. Встановлено, що польський уряд прагнув здобути визнання автокефалії без надмірного втручання патріархату у церковні справи в Польщі, тоді як патріарх Мелетій прагнув реалізувати ширше бачення своїх історичних прав (базованих на факті перебування до 1686 р. Київської митрополії в складі Константинопольського патріархату) та юрисдикційного впливу (як першого за честю серед предстоятелів Православних церков). На основі аналізу проблеми зроблено висновок, що перебіг переговорів був зумовлений як розбіжностями в позиціях обох сторін, так і несприятливими (форс- мажорними) зовнішніми обставинами (складна внутрішньополітична ситуація в Польщі, тиск уряду Туреччини на Константинопольський патріархат тощо). Відзначено, що найактивніша фаза контактів тривала з серпня по грудень 1922 р., після чого процес перейшов у «технічну» площину.Документ Ukrainian Displaced Persons and the Problem of Preserving Religious Identity in the United Kingdom (1940s–1950s)(2025) Volik Nadiia; Волік Надія; Pryidun Stepan; Прийдун СтепанThe post-war wave of Ukrainian migration to the United Kingdom, predominantly composed of former prisoners of war, Ostarbeiter, and Displaced persons, represented a significant stage in the development of the diaspora and posed challenges for maintaining national and religious identity. The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the issue of preserving the religious identity of Ukrainian migrants in the United Kingdom during the 1940s–1950s, who were classified as Displaced persons and European Volunteer Workers. The article traces the interrelation between the socio-economic conditions of living in prisoner-of-war camps, hostels, and workers’ settlements and the spiritual life of Ukrainians. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, interdisciplinarity, and objectivity, employing source-critical analysis of archival materials, eyewitness memoirs, and published studies on the history of the Ukrainian diaspora. The scientific novelty of the study lies in highlighting a little-explored aspect of Ukrainian emigration history – the formation and preservation of religious identity. The conclusions emphasize that religion served a dual function for Ukrainians in the United Kingdom: providing spiritual support amid socio-economic challenges and serving as a marker of national identity. The organization of parish life, cultural centers, and religious communities partially mitigated assimilation processes and laid the foundations for the development of Ukrainian religious and cultural life within British society.Документ The Syrian Dimension of U.S. Foreign Policy (2013-2017): the Strategy of the Barack Obama Administration(2025) Zhukov Oleksandr Volodymyrovych; Жуков Олександр ВолодимировичThe article examines the Syrian dimension of United States foreign policy in 2013–2017, which became one of the key challenges for the Barack Obama administration. In the context of the civil war in Syria, the rise of terrorist threats, and regional instability, the United States had to combine diplomatic, military, and humanitarian measures to achieve its foreign policy objectives. The purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of the main goals, instruments, and outcomes of U.S. policy toward Syria, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of the chosen strategy. The methodology involves qualitative analysis of primary sources, including official statements, policy documents, and international reports, alongside a systematic review of secondary scholarly literature on U.S. foreign policy and Middle Eastern geopolitics. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the integrated evaluation of political, military, and humanitarian aspects of the Obama administration’s approach, highlighting the interconnection between diplomatic efforts, counterterrorism measures, and humanitarian policy. Conclusion. The study concludes that the limited intervention strategy pursued by the administration yielded mixed results: on the one hand, it helped avoid a large-scale military conflict, while on the other, it constrained U.S. influence on the course of events in the region. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of contemporary U.S. foreign policy strategies and their impact on international norms of conflict management.Документ Homiletic Heritage of Archbishop Vasyl (Bogdashevsky): Style, Theme, Theological Emphasis(2025) Yashyn Vladyslav; Яшин ВладиславThe aim of the article is a comprehensive study of the homiletic heritage of Archbishop Vasyl (Boghdashevsky), in particular, an analysis of the stylistic features, thematic content, and theological accents of his sermons in the context of the Orthodox tradition and the socio- ecclesiastical challenges of the early 20th century. The methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematicity, which allows for a comprehensive consideration of the homiletic heritage of Archbishop Vasyl (Boghdashevsky). The study combines a text-centric approach with methods of historical and theological analysis, taking into account the peculiarities of the Orthodox homiletic tradition. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the article for the first time carries out a holistic analysis of the homiletic heritage of Archbishop Vasyl (Bogdashevsky) as an independent object of research. The work analyzes his sermons in terms of content, style, and theological emphasis, which had not previously been the subject of special scientific study. Studying the features of his church sermon is an important part of his scientific, theological, and church activities. The study draws on a wide range of sources, including some archival materials and sermon texts published in the «Trudy KDA», most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. This allows for a comprehensive assessment of the content and significance of Archbishop Vasyl’s preaching work. Main results of the study: It was established that the homiletic heritage of Archbishop Vasyl encompasses a wide range of sermons and speeches delivered on various occasions. His sermons are distinguished by their theological depth, stylistic clarity, oratorical skill, and reflect the Orthodox tradition, attitudes towards spiritual issues, and events in church and public life.Документ The Main Factors of Consolidation of Ukrainian Society: Essence, Content, Problems(СумДПУ імені А. С.Макаренка, 2025) Boiko Oleksandr; Бойко ОлександрThe article reveals the relevance, essence and content of social consolidation processes; an attempt is made to systematize the views of scientists on the factors that contribute to social consolidation; the basic factors of the process of consolidation of Ukrainian society are comprehensively analyzed and generalized; the complex of problems and inhibiting factors that in modern conditions become an obstacle to nationwide consolidation is characterized; ways and means of eliminating obstacles to social consolidation processes are proposed. The purpose of the article is to study the factors that determined the relevance of the problem of consolidation of Ukrainian society; to identify and characterize the main factors that contribute to social integration; to analyze the complex of problems and inhibiting factors that hinder social unity; to determine actions and measures that would contribute to the positive effect of factors of consolidation of society. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis and generalization of the factors of consolidation of Ukrainian society in changing historical circumstances. Conclusions. The process of consolidation of Ukrainian society depends on the organic combination of a whole complex of various factors of social life, which, interacting with each other, collectively ensure public unity, conciliarity, ethnic identity; preserve traditions and stimulate the development of culture, language and social memory; guarantee state stability, contribute to economic stability, ensure the ability of the national community to adequately and effectively respond to external and internal challenges of the time. Relevant areas of study of the raised problem in the future may be research into both methodological and conceptual, as well as applied and instrumental components of ensuring national unity and consolidation of society.