Перегляд за Автор "Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych"

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  • Документ
    Military Cantonists of the Russian Army in the First Quarter of the 19 th century
    (2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин Михайлович
    The purpose of the article is an attempt to analyze the process of creating the institute of military cantonists of the Russian army, to trace the process of forming the legislative base and to establish their quantitative composition at the end of the first quarter of the 19th century. The main sources of the work were materials from the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of printed documents. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, criticism and verification of sources. Among the basic methods of revealing the problem, one should mention the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and deductive methods, the method of analytical and comparative-historical typology. Scientific novelty of the work: for the first time in historiography, an attempt has been made to comprehensively analyze the reasons for the creation of the institute of cantonists of the Russian army, to highlight their legal status and calculate their number. Based on the analysis of the problem, the following conclusions can be drawn: various segments of the population of the empire were included in the category of military cantonists. Over time, they received a clear legislative basis. The establishment of this institution not only affected the size of the army reserve, the government had already begun to consider soldiers’ children as one of the sources of replenishing the army with educated soldiers, called upon to finally eliminate conscription.
  • Документ
    Preparation of the Russian Army Reserve in the Late 18th to Early 19th Century
    (Гельветика, 2025) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин Михайлович
    The purpose of the article is to attempt to analyze the development of the reserve training system of the Russian army in the late 18th- early 19thcenturies, to trace the process of forming its legislative base and to identify the main sources of replenishment at the expense of the cantonist contingent.The main source base of the study was the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive and a number of various printed sources.The research methodology is based on the concrete-historical method, the principles of scientific logic, objectivity, and the possibility of verifying the obtained results. The study also applies an “internal” analytical approach to the stated problem in order to reveal the directions ofgovernment policy aimed at achieving established goals; additionally, the problem-chronological approach, historical-genetic and investigative methods, as well as comparative-historical typology, were used.Scientific novelty of the research. An attempt is made to provide a comprehensive analysis of the reasons for improving the training of the army reserve in connection with changes in the tactics and strategy of warfare during this period.Based on the analysis of the available material, the following conclusions may be drawn: due to the growing need of the army for well-prepared young commanders and specialists, army leadership began to consider cantonists (soldiers’ children) as a suitable option for preparing the army reserve on the basis of special training units. At the same time, the procedure for assigning cantonists to army service acquired a sufficiently structured form, and a sharp increase in the number of cantonists can be observed.
  • Документ
    The Establishment of Military Settlements and the Reform of Primary Military Education
    (2026) Yachmenikhin Kostiantyn Mykhailovych; Ячменіхін Костянтин Михайлович
    The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the introduction of military settlements in Russia on the institution of military cantonists, particularly with regard to their education and military training. Additionally, the research seeks to identify the distinctive features of autocratic policy in the sphere of army reserve training during the period of functioning military settlements in various regions of the country. The complexity and multifactorial nature of their history necessitated additional analysis of both individual periods of their existence and specific regions of their deployment. The research methodology was based on the principal parameters of the contemporary historical paradigm, including structural anthropology, the «linguistic turn», the «global» and «structural» methodologies of the Annales School, microhistory, the incorporation of components from related and humanities disciplines, methods of verification, and the problem-chronological method. The primary source base of the study consists of materials from several collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, as well as certain published sources. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the attempt to adapt materials related to the stated topic to the existing historiographical problem of the functioning of the institution of military settlements. An interdisciplinary approach was applied, which made it possible to identify specific features of the functioning of the educational system within military settlements. Based on the processing and analysis of data from various sources, the key aspects of the history of the formation of the school system for cantonists in military settlements were elucidated. Further development was achieved in the study of the time and circumstances surrounding the establishment of the system of school education for military cantonists in different regions of the country. On the basis of the analysis of sources, the following conclusions can be drawn. During the specified period, the formation of special training units, initiated as early as 1808, continued. At this time, the procedure for assigning cantonists to service in army units was altered. With the introduction of military settlements, a portion of cantonists was assigned to settlement troops. Prior to the subordination of military cantonists to Count A.A. Arakcheev, their inclusion in settlement troops had been insignificant. From 1824 onward, the situation changed considerably: annually, no fewer than 25% of the cantonists assigned to military service were directed to reinforce settlement troops. Throughout this period, the government repeatedly attempted to improve the living conditions of soldiers’ children housed in cantonist departments. However, these efforts were not achieved through increasing staff positions, expanding the number of departments, or raising allocations, but rather through reducing the number of cantonists enrolled in these educational institutions. На основі аналізу джерел можна зробити наступні висновки. В зазначений період продовжується формування спеціальних учбових підрозділів, початий ще у 1808 р. В цей час змінюється порядок розподілення кантоністів на службу в армійських підрозділах. У зв’язку з введенням військових поселень частина кантоністів направлялася в поселені війська. До підпорядкування військових кантоністів О.А. Аракчеєву, їх включення у поселенні війська було незначним. З 1824 р. картина значно змінюється: щорічно не менше 25% кантоністів, що направлялися на службу у війська, поступало на укомплектування поселених військ. На протязі вказаного періоду уряд неодноразово намагався покращити життя солдатських дітей, що знаходилися у відділеннях військових кантоністів. Однак, робилося це не за рахунок збільшення штатної чисельності місць, збільшення численності відділень та асигнувань, а шляхом зменшення кількості кантоністів, що навчалися в цих учбових закладах.